Not attempting to hijack the thread but I'm having the same issue on Ubuntu. When I attempt to run the server, I receive the following (not sure if OP is experiencing this too or not):
Console initialized.
Segmentation fault
cat: hlds.2243.pid: No such file or directory
email debug.log to linux@valvesoftware.com
Mon Sep 26 23:56:37 EDT 2016: Server restart in 10 seconds
Mon Sep 26 23:56:40 EDT 2016: Server Quit
Everything else OP has above is identical to my installation (except my server is on 16.04). Tried it as well on 14.04 with the exact same problems. Both servers are 64-bit.
EDIT: Found this thread (https://forums.geshl2.com/index.php?topic=8487.0) as well but the resolution of deleting and reinstalling the entire server doesn't seem to work for me (fourth reinstall).